Development of Lyme Disease
Lyme disease is an infectious disease caused by a spirochete transmitted by ticks. The disease arouses destruction of skin, nervous system, heart and many other organs. For the first time study of the disease began in 1975 in the village of Lyme in America.The bacteria which arouse Lyme disease are spirochetes of Borrelia genus. The causative agent is closely related to grazing ticks and their natural hosts. Commonality of the pathogens of borreliosis and tick-borne encephalitis virus arouses mixed infection as of ticks as of the patients.
People become infected of Lyme disease in natural areas.Transmission of the infection happens through the bite of tick, although not excepted the possibility of infection and in contact of feces of mites with the skin, followed by rubbing them while scratching. In case of rupture of the tick, while improper removal,bacteria can enter the wound. The increase of disease cases can be seen with the development of agriculture, tourism, economic changes and urbanization of landscapes. Tick bites are possible in the city areas also in parks, cemeteries, as well as while removing ticks from animals.
Among clinical symptoms of Lyme disease, which can appear at different stages of the disease, can be reactions from the side of immune system while presence in the tissues of the pathogen and its antigens. Getting into the human body, in place of the bacteria appears the formation of primary affect – papules, tick-borne erythema, followed by hematogenous way get into various organs and tissues, which are adsorbed on the cells by interacting with the most active membranes.
Borrelia are capable of long-term living, until a few years they can stay in tissues, particularly while the absence of treatment, during this time can appear signs of lyme disease and a chronic form of the disease. At later stages of the disease Borrelia, playing the role of trigger, arouses the development of immunopathological processes that are important for the pathogenesis of neuroborreliosis and chronic arthritis.
Already at the early stages of Lyme disease starts the production of specific antibodies, which increases while the disease. The response from the immune system is mostly observed at the later stages, especially while attack of joints. While effective treatment and recovery set normal levels of antibodies. Long-term conservation or their appearance in high amounts can be even while the absence of clinical appearances.
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